基础与临床研究 >文章正文
基础与临床研究 >文章正文
Clincal Study of Over-the-needle Continuous Spinal Anesthesia <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 杨承祥 李恒 章绵华 梁幸甜 佛山市第一人民医院麻醉科 528000 Cheng-xiang Yang ,Heng Li,Liang-Xing Tian,et al. Departmentof Anesthesiology, Foshan First People Hospital, Foshan 528000 Abstract Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of over-the-needle continuous spinal anesthesia . Methods:Sixty ASAⅠ~Ⅱpatients age over 60 years, scheduled for transurethral prostatectomy, were randomly divided into two groups, groupⅠ: over-the-needle continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA), groupⅡ: continuous epidural anesthesia (CEA). The initial block dose was 1.5~2.5ml of 0.5% bupivacaine (groupⅠ) and 8~13 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine(groupⅡ). After the operation, all patients received a intrathecal or epidural analgesia. The patients in groupⅠ received a 0.5ml bolus (bupivacaine 0.125%+ fentany 10.0006%), followed by a continuous infusion of 25 ml over 50h. The patients in groupⅡ received a 2ml bolus (bupivacaine0.125%+fentany 10.0006%), followed by acontinuous infusion of 100ml over 50h. The anesthesia effect, the degree of motor blockade, the level of painand the occurrence of side effects were recorded. Results:There were significant differences in onset time, the degree of motor blockade ,VAS pain scores and occurrence of side effects. Conclusions:Compared with continuous epidural anesthesia, over-the-needle continuous spinal anesthesia provides perfect anesthesia e ffects, ensures better analgesia and fewer side effects and results in more saisfied patients. Keywords:Spinocath Over-the-needle; Continuous Spinal Anesthesia |
蛛网膜下腔阻滞(腰麻)具有较硬膜外阻滞起效迅速、局麻药用量少、阻滞完善、肌肉松弛等优点。但单次腰麻不能满足较长时间的手术,又无法实施术后镇痛。<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 连续腰麻(CSA)的概念早在1907年提出[1,2],后经多次改进,直到90年代初期,微导管技术开始应用于CSA,它是针内导管,退针后脑脊液仍从针孔漏出,术后头痛发生率依然提高;后来又发现微导管极易导致马尾综合征。1992年,美国食品与药物管理协会(FDA)明文禁止该种微导管用于连续腰麻。直到1996年,一种新型导管针(Spinocath)研制成功,使连续腰麻再次受到人们的关注,本研究旨在观察导管针连续腰麻的临床麻醉及术后镇痛效果。 1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料 选择行前列腺电切术的老年病人60例(年龄60~80岁),无心血管疾病,ASA~级,随机分为导管针连续腰麻组(组)和连续硬膜外组(组),每组30例。 1.2 麻醉方法 所有病人入室后先开放静脉通路,于麻醉效果起效前给以6% 1.3 观察项目 针戳法测定无痛平面出现时间及平面扩散范围;下肢运动神经阻滞评分(改良Bromage评分,简称MBS),于阻滞平面固定后测评。MBS评分:0分,正常;1分:下肢麻木,活动受限;2分:不能抬起伸直的下肢;3分:不能弯曲和伸展膝关节;4分:不能弯曲和伸展足;5分:下肢不能活动并无知觉。监测给局麻药后5,10,15,20,30和60min平均动脉压(MAP)及心率(HR),记录每组各时点MAP低于基础值30%以下及HR降到60次/min以下的个数;记录术中阿托品、麻黄素及芬氟合剂用量;于术后50h评定视觉模拟镇痛评分(VAS);记录镇痛后恶心、呕吐、头痛、腰背痛及皮肤搔痒等副反应发生情况。 1.4 统计分析 数据采用均数±标准差(x+s)表示,用SAS统计学分析软件包进行t检验、V2检验或Kruskal-Walli检验,以P<0.05为有显著性差异。 |
2 结果<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 2.1 一般情况 两组病人年龄、身高、体重及手术时间无显著差异(表1) 2.2 麻醉效果 阻滞感觉神经显效时间组明显快于组(P<0.01)。MBS评分 2.3 术后镇痛 术后镇痛效果组明显优于组,见表4,副反应中恶心、呕吐与腰背痛两组有明显差异(P<0.05)。两组都未见呼吸抑制、运动神经阻滞及皮肤搔痒等副反应发生。见表5。 3 讨论 腰麻是最早使用的椎管内麻醉方法,它操作简单。麻醉显 |
研究结果显示,导管针连续腰麻较硬膜外显效时间缩短近3 在术后镇痛中,导管针连续腰麻的布比卡因和芬太尼的用量 综上所述,导管针连续腰麻有较硬膜外阻滞麻醉效果好,肌松满意,血液动力学平稳,术后镇痛效果佳,副反应少等优点,值得在临床上推广使用。 参考文献 1 DeanHP. Discussion on the relative value of inhalat ion and injection methods of inducing anaesthesia.Br MedJ,1907;2:869~877 2 Kallos T, Smith TC. Continuous spinal anesthesia with hypobaric tetracaine for hip surgery in lateral decubitus. Anesth Analg,1972;51:766~773 3 Tuohy EB.Continuous spinal anesthesia,its usefulness and technique involved. Anest hesiology, 1944;5:142~148 4 Denny N.Postdural puncture headache after continuous spinal anesthesia. Anest. Analg, 1987; 66: 791~794 |