基础与临床研究 >文章正文
基础与临床研究 >文章正文
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> Effect of epidural administration of different combinations of lidocaine,corticosteroids and vitamins on epidural space adhesion and nerve root inflammation in rabbits 夏令杰 孟凡民 宋文阁 张立 韩颖萍 杨苑健 马培志 韩振兴 XIA Lingjie,M EN G Fanmin,SON G Wenge,et al1 Department of A nesthesiology,Henan Provincial Hospital,Zhengz hou 450003,China Abstract Objective:To compare the effects of epidural administration of different combinations of lidocaine,corticosteroids ( dexamethasone,prednisolone) and vitamins (B1,B6,B12 ) on epidural space adhesion and nerve root inflammation in rabbits. |
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> Methods:Forty2eight adult Japannese white rabbits of either sex weighing (2138 ±0131) kg were anesthetized with intramuscular ketamine 15 mg?kg -1 and midazolam 0122013 mg?kg -1 1A catheter was inserted into epidural space at L2 when the ligamentum flavum was exposed by surgery and advanced caudally for 223cm1Correct placement of the catheter in epidural space was confirmed by injecting 015 % lidocaine 0.2 ml through the cathter when the animal was awake1 24h after epidural cathter placement 0.2ml?kg -1 of normal saline containing talcum power 1mg? ml -1 was injected into epidural space1 3 days later the animal were randomly divided into 8 groups:group Ⅰreceived no treatment,group Ⅱepidural normal saline 0.2ml?kg -1,group Ⅲepidural 015 % lidocaine 0.2ml?kg -1,group Ⅳepidural compound lidocaine solution 1 (lidocaine 100mg + dexamethasone 10 mg in 20 ml normal saline) 0.2ml?kg -1,group V epidural compound lidocaine solution 2 (lidocaine 100mg + prednisolone 50 mg in 20 ml normal saline) 0.2 ml?kg -1,group Ⅳepidural compound lidocaine solution 3 (lidocaine 100mg + dexamethasone 10 mg + vitamin B1 200mg in 20 ml normal saline) 0.2 mlPkg,group Ⅵepidural compound lidocaine solution 4 ( lidocaine 100mg + dexamethasone 10 mg + vitamin B6 200mg in 20 ml normal saline) 0.2 mlPkg,and group Ⅷepidural compound lidocaine solution 5 (lidocaine 100mg +dexamethasone 10 mg + vitamin B12 200mg in 20 ml normal saline) 0.2 mlPkg1One week later animals were killed by intravenous injection of air1 Spinal column below L1 was removed1Epidural space and nerve root adhesion was checked first with naked eye then examined under microscope1 Epidural space adhesion was divided into 4 grades according to Rydell. Results:11 Macroscopic examination of epidural space for adhesion:there was no significant different between group Ⅰand group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,also between group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ;there was significant different between group Ⅰand group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅵ,Ⅷ ( P < 0.01) 1 21Microscopic examination of nerve root for inflammation:there was no significant different among group Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ;however there was significant different between group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲand group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ;there was no significant different among group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶand Ⅷ1 Conclusions:Epidural administration of lidocaine combined with corticosteroid (dexamethasone,prenisolone) in early stage of inflammation can eliminate nerve root inflammation,prevent or alleviate epidural space adhesion1 Vitamin B1 or B6 or B12 combined with lidocaine and corticosteroids does not enhance their therapeutic effect. Key words:Injections,epidural;Adhesions;Radicutitis;Drug the rapy;Epidural space 腰腿痛是现代社会所面临的主要健康问题,硬膜外腔注药是有效的治疗方法之一。但国内所用药物种类繁多,且配方混乱,为寻找一种合理的联合用药方法,对比观察了硬膜外腔注射不同组合药物对兔神经根炎症及硬膜外粘连的疗效。 |
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 材料与方法 动物模型的制作:成年日本大耳白兔48只,雌雄不限,体重(2138 ±0131) kg,以氯胺酮15mg?kg -1 、咪唑安定012~013mg?kg -1 肌注全麻,左侧卧位,常规消毒铺巾,以L2 棘突为中心,正中切开皮肤2~3cm,钝性分离软组织,咬去L2 棘突,显露黄韧带,并切断大部分黄韧带,用蚊氏钳夹住硬膜外导管的前端2~3mm处,对准该处黄韧带向尾侧倾斜80 度直接穿刺,进入硬膜外腔,置管2~3cm,回抽无血液后,分层缝合,妥善固定硬膜外导管。待动物清醒后从硬膜外导管注入015 %利多卡因0.2ml?kg -1,观察阻滞效果,24h后从导管注入每毫升含1mg 消毒滑石粉的生理盐水0.2ml?kg -1,常规饲养3d 后备用。 (二)分组及观察方法:上述模型动物随机分为以下8 组,每组6 只。Ⅰ组(空白组):不做任何处理,常规饲养;Ⅱ 组(对照组):硬膜外腔注入生理盐水0.2ml?kg -1;Ⅲ组(利多卡因组):硬膜外腔注入015 %利多卡因0.2ml?kg -1;Ⅳ组(利多卡因+地塞米松组):硬膜外腔注入利多卡因100mg、地塞米松10mg、加生理盐水稀释至20ml 的复合液0.2ml?kg -1;Ⅴ组(利多卡因+ 强的松龙组):硬膜外腔注入利多卡因100mg、强的松龙50mg (2ml) 、加生理盐水稀释至20ml 的复合液0.2ml?kg -1;Ⅵ 组(利多卡因+ 地塞米松+ 维生素B1 组):硬膜外腔注入利多卡因100mg、地塞米松10mg、维生素B1200mg、加生理盐水稀释至20ml的复合液0.2ml?kg -1;Ⅶ 组(利多卡因+ 地塞米松+ 维生素B6组):硬膜外腔注入利多卡因100mg、地塞米松10mg、维生素B6 200mg、加生理盐水稀释至20ml 的复合液0.2ml?kg -1;Ⅷ 组(利多卡因+ 地塞米松+ 维生素B12 组):硬膜外腔注入利多卡因100mg、地塞米松10mg、维生素B12 1mg、加生理盐水稀释至20ml 的复合液0.2ml?kg -1 。 上述各组动物于手术后第1d、第4d刀口局部注射庆大霉素4万单位,第4d换药一次,注射治疗药物后拔除硬膜外导管。1周后空气栓塞处死,完整取下L1 以下脊柱,咬开椎板,对硬膜外、神经根炎症粘连情况作肉眼观察。随后将脊髓、硬膜、神经根一同取出,以L5 神经根为中心取材,10%福尔马林固定48h后,石蜡切片,HE染色,光镜观察神经根炎症、水肿及硬膜外粘连情况。肉眼观察参考Rydell的标准将硬膜外腔粘连程度分为4级,0级:硬膜白而光滑,无明显粘连;Ⅰ级:硬膜外有散在的粘连灶;Ⅱ级:硬膜外有散在的粘连灶和局部较薄的膜性粘连;Ⅲ级:硬膜外粘连组织厚且范围广。 (三)统计学处理:对分级结果进行秩和检验(Kruskal2Wallis 法) 并进行两两比较(Nemenyi法);光镜观察用HPIAS21000高清晰度彩色病理图文分析系统对L5 神经根处的慢性炎症细胞计数,并对结果进行方差分析和q 检验。P < 0.05 认为差异有显著性。 结 果 (一)肉眼观察:空白组6只动物硬膜外、神经根炎症征象明显,且神经根明显水肿,硬膜外粘连程度均为Ⅲ级。对照组及利多卡因组硬膜外炎症、神经根水肿明显,硬膜外粘连程度,对照组:Ⅱ级4只,Ⅰ级2 只;利多卡因组:Ⅱ级3只,Ⅰ级3只。Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ组动物硬膜外无明显炎症征象,神经根炎症水肿不明显,硬膜表面白而光滑,硬膜外粘连程度均为0级。硬膜外粘连程度:Ⅰ组与Ⅱ、Ⅲ组差异无显著性,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ 组差异无显著性( P > 0.05),但Ⅰ组与Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ组差异有显著性( P < 0.01),Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组及Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ组之间差异无著性( P > 0.05) 。 |
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 许多作者行硬膜外注射治疗腰腿痛加用B 族维生素,是基于其可调节和改善神经传导,促进神经功能恢复。本实验证实,在局麻药利多卡因和激素地塞米松的基础上分别加用维生素B1 、维生素B6 、维生素B12 的各组,对神经根炎的疗效虽比对照组及单用利多卡因组好( P < 0.01),但与利多卡因加地塞米松或强的松龙组的抗炎及减轻粘连的效果差异无显著性( P > 0.05),提示其疗效仍是类固醇激素消除炎症,减轻粘连的结果。B族维生素的上述促进神经功能恢复的效果,仍需进一步研究。 由于本实验动物模型与临床腰腿痛病人的炎症粘连并不完全相同,有关此方面的疗效需进一步的动物实验及临床研究证明。 在炎症早期,硬膜外注射局麻药利多卡因加类固醇激素(地塞米松、强的松龙)可有效地消除神经根的炎症,预防和减轻硬膜外粘连,在利多卡因和地塞米松的基础上分别加用维生素B1 、维生素B6 、维生素B12,治疗后1周观察并不能使疗效提高。建议硬膜外腔注药治疗腰腿痛时,应早期选择应用局部麻醉剂和类固醇激素为核心成分配伍,并以适量的生理盐水进行稀释。 参考文献 1. Olmarker K,Holm S,Rydevik B1 Importance of compression onset rate for the degree of impairment of impulse propagation inexperimental compression injury of the porcine cauda equina1Spine,1990,15:416-419. 2. Kuslich SD,Ulstrom CL,Michael CJ1 The tissue origin of low back pain and sciatica:a report of pain responses to tissue stimulation during operations on the lumbar spine using local anesthesia1Orthop Clin North Am,1991,22:181-187. 3. 吴闻文,吴树勋1 腰椎间盘组织磷酯酶A2 活性水平与神经根性 疼痛的关系1 中国脊柱脊髓杂志,1996,6:2-6. 4. Kawakami M,Weinstein JN,Chatani K,et al1 Experimental lumbar radiculopathy1Behavioral and histoiogic changes in a model of radicular pain after spinal nerve root irritation with chromic gut ligatures in the rat1 Spine,1994,19:1795-1802. 5. Saal J S,Franson RC,Dobrow R,et al1 High levels of inflammatory phospholipase A2 activity in lumbar disc herniations1Spine,1990,15:674-678. 6. Ozaktay AC,Cavanaugh JM,Blagoer DC,et al1 Phospholipase A2 induced electrophysiologic and histologic changes in rabbit dorsal lumbar spine tissues1Spine,1995,20:2659-2668. 7. Lee HM,Weinstein JN,Meller ST,et al1The role of steroids and their effects on phospholipase A2:an animal model of radiculopathy1Spine,1998,23:1191211961 8. Cooper RG,Freemont AJ,Hoyland JA,et al1 Herniated inte2 rvertbral disc2associated periradicular fibrosis and vascular abnormalities occur without inflammatory cell infiltration1Spine,1995,20:591-598. 9. 肖晓山,王树荣,肖林添,等1 硬膜外腔注入康宁克通A 或强的松龙复合液的实验研究1 中华麻醉学杂志,1992,12:204-205. 10. 刘义明,陈金典,胡三觉1 硬膜外注射镇痛复合药后硬膜神经脊髓细胞超微结构的变化1 中华麻醉学杂,1995,15:321-323. |