基础与临床研究 >文章正文
基础与临床研究 >文章正文
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> Effect of intrathecal pumping morphine on immunological function in a rat of formalin pain *郭曲练1 邹望远1 王锷1 蔡进2 (1.中南大学湘雅医院麻醉科,长沙 410008;2.武警福建省总队医院,福州350003) GUO Qu-lian1*,ZOU Wang-yuan1,WANG E1,CAI Jin2. (1. Department of Anesthesiology,Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,changsha 410008,China,2. Fujan Provincial Corps Hospital,Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces,Fuzhou 350003,China) Abastrat Objective:To evaluate the effct of intrathecal pumping different dosage morphine on immunological function in a rat of formalin inflammatory pain. Methods:2 Sprague-Dawley rats(290±30g)were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=8 in each group):saline group(NS) and morphine groups which including M1group(10μg/h)、performed under anesthesia with 10% Chloral Hydrate(300~350)mg/kg according to M2 group(5μg/h)、M3 group(2.5μg/h).Chronic intrathecal(IT)catheterization was the method of Yaksh’s. After 7 days,pain intensity scoring(PIS)was utilized to assess antinociceptive effect of morphine. And spleens were aseptically removed to obtain splenic cells. Tlymphocyte function was evaluated based on Concanavalin-A(ConA)induced splenocyte proliferation. A modified lactic acid dehydrogenase(LDH)release assay was to assess NK cell activity. Phenotypic expression of cell surface markers of Tlymphocyte subsets(CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+、CD4+CD8+)and NK cell(CD161+)in the spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry. |
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> Result:Compare with NS group,PIS of morphine groups is decreased markedly(P<0.01)dose-dependently in the early and late phase of formalin pain,but there were no significant difference among morphine groups;Spleen index,splenocyte proliferation and NK cell activity were significantly suppressed by intrathecal pumping morphine;Phenotypic expression of T lymphocyte subsets and NK cell assessed by flow cytometry were different from control group in all morphine groups. Conclusion:There was significant antinociception of intrathecal pumping morphine;(2)After intrathecal pumping different dosage morphine(10μg/h,5μg/h,2.5μg/h),suppressed T lymphocyte proliferation and NK cell activity dose-dependently,decreased splenic lymphocyte numbers,and altered phenotypic expression of cell surface markers dose-dependently. key words:morphine;intrathecal pumping;pain;immunesuppression
吗啡作为一种中枢阿片类镇痛药物,广泛用于术后疼痛、炎性疼痛、神经病理性疼痛和癌性疼痛的治疗。研究表明,在无痛(pain-free)条件下吗啡通过全身给药可引起免疫功能抑制,主要是细胞免疫功能抑制[1,2]。吗啡鞘内给药也是一种临床广泛使用的镇痛方式,但其对免疫功能的影响报道甚少。本实验在大鼠福尔马林炎性疼痛模型中,采用Alzet泵鞘内持续泵入不同剂量的吗啡观察其在镇痛时对大鼠免疫功能的影响。 |
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 材料与方法 1 材料 (1)细胞株:YAC-1细胞株(中南大学湘雅医学院免疫学教研室提供)。(2)动物:32只290±30g纯种清洁级雄性SD大鼠,由中南大学湘雅医学院动物学部提供。(3)主要仪器:Alzet泵(200μl,Model2001美国),Microspinal导管(内径0.12mm,外径0.35mm,美国),β液体闪烁计数仪(Beckman,美国),多头细胞收集器(Beckman,美国),流式细胞仪(Beckman coulter,美国),酶联免疫检测仪(ELx800UV,美国),二氧化碳培养箱(Queue,日本)。(4)主要试剂:盐酸吗啡注射液(青海制药厂),刀豆蛋白,ConA(Vector,美国),甲基-3H胸像嘧啶核苷,3H-TDR(中国科学院上海原子核研究所),LDH细胞毒试剂盒(Bivision ,美国),胎牛血清(杭州四季青生物工程材料有限公司),RPMI-1640(Gibco,美国),流式单克隆抗体:CD3-FITC,CD4-RPE,CD8-RPE-Cy5,CD161-FITC(Serotec,英国),牛血清白蛋白(鼎国生物技术公司)。 2 方法 2.1 实验动物分组 32只290±30g纯种清洁级雄性SD大鼠随机分为3个不同剂量鞘内泵入吗啡组(M)和鞘内泵入生理盐水组(NS),分别为10μg/h,5μg/h,2.5μg/h组,记为M1,M2,M3,每组8只。 2.2 鞘内置管及Alzet泵的使用 大鼠腹腔注射10%的水合氯醛(300~350)mg/kg麻醉后,按改良Yaksh法[3]鞘内置入Microspinal导管至脊髓腰部(插入深度8.5cm),逐层缝合伤口。取无任何运动障碍的动物于置管3d后鞘内(IT)注射2%的利多卡因20μl,如注药30s内出现双下肢麻痹,则用于实验。动物均单笼饲养5d,即可用于实验。将Alzet泵容量调节器与聚乙烯管(套在Microspinal管上,并用“502”胶水固定,内径约0.36mm)紧密相接,植入到大鼠背部皮下合适位置,并缝合好。Alzet泵以恒定速率鞘内持续泵入7d后进行福尔马林试验及组织标本采集。 |
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 吗啡的免疫抑制机制尚不完全清楚,Weber等[10]研究提示中枢阿片通路介导了吗啡对免疫功能的调控。进一步研究采用基因敲除方法发现阿片免疫抑制作用主要是中枢μ阿片受体引起的[11],也可能与外周阿片受体有关[12]。另有研究提示吗啡慢性全身长期给药引起的免疫抑制可能与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴激活有关[13]。本实验观察到鞘内泵入吗啡影响机体免疫功能,特别是抑制细胞免疫功能。其机制可能是吗啡通过血脑屏障作用于中枢阿片受体,主要是μ阿片受体(MOR),也可能通过蛛网膜下腔静脉丛进入血液循环,直接作用于外周免疫细胞上的阿片受体。本实验吗啡采用鞘内给药,其对机体免疫功能的抑制是否与直接作用于脊髓阿片受体引起后者基因表达变化有关,值得进一步探讨。 在急慢性疼痛治疗方面,吗啡既能起到积极有力的镇痛作用,又要尽量减少对机体免疫功能的影响。如何处理好吗啡镇痛、疼痛、免疫三者之间的关系对吗啡的临床应用是尤为重要的。既往研究多着重于在无痛条件下全身给药,本实验采用Alzet泵鞘内泵入吗啡,用药量少,镇痛效果确切,但对机体免疫功能有一定影响。提示对于癌性疼痛病人、需长期服用吗啡的慢性疼痛、术后疼痛等本身免疫功能低下的病人,吗啡的鞘内使用值得慎重考虑。 参考文献 1. Alonzo NC,Bayer BM. Opioids,immunology,and host defenses of intravenous drug abusers[J].Infect Dis Clin North Am,2002,16(3):553-569. 2. Li Y,Merrill JD,Mooney K,et al.Morphine enhances HIV infection of neonatal macrophages[J]. Pediatr Res,2003 ,54(2):282-288. 3. Yaksh TL,Rudy TA. Chronic catheterization of the spinal subarachnoid space[J].Physiol Behav,1976,17(6):1031-1036. 4. Dubuisson D,Dennis SG.The formalin test:a quantitative study of the analgesic effects of morphine,meperidine,and brain stem stimulation in rats and cats[J].Pain,1977,4(2):161-174. 5. Korzeniewski C,Callewaert DM.An enzyme-release assay for natural cytotoxicity[J]..J Immunol Methods,1983,64(3):313-320. 6. Rahim RT,Meissler JJ Jr,Cowan A,et al.Administration of mu-,kappa- or delta2-receptor agonists via osmotic minipumps suppresses murine splenic antibody responses[J].Int Immunopharmacol,2001,1(11):2001-2009. 7. Boyadjieva N,Dokur M,Advis JP,et al. Chronic ethanol inhibits NK cell cytolytic activity:role of opioid peptide beta-endorphin[J]. J Immunol,2001 ,167(10):5645-5652 8. Tsai YC,Won SJ,Lin MT. Effects of morphine on immune response in rats with sciatic constriction injury[J].Pain,2000 ,88(2):155-160. 9. Yokota T,Uehara K,Nomoto Y. Intrathecal morphine suppresses NK cell activity following abdominal surgery[J]. Can J Anaesth,2000,47(4):303-308. 10. Weber RJ,Pert A. The periaqueductal gray matter mediates opiate-induced immunosuppression[J].Science,1989 ,245(4914):188-190. 11. Roy S,Barke RA,Loh HH. MU-opioid receptor-knockout mice:role of mu-opioid receptor in morphine mediated immune functions[J].Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1998 ,61(1-2)::190-194. 12. Tomassini N,<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /> 13. Palm S,Moenig H,Maier C. Effects of oral treatment with sustained release morphine tablets on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis[J].Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol,1997 ,19(4):269-273. |