基础与临床研究 >文章正文
基础与临床研究 >文章正文
Effects of Different Dosage of Epidural Droperidol on PONV in Patients with Postoperative Patient-controlled Epidural Analgesia with Tramadol and Bupivacaine.<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> Abstract:Objective To compare the effects and side effects of postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia(PCEA) with tramadol and bupivacaine mixture with different dosage of droperidol. Methods 120 ASAⅠ~Ⅱ patients underwent lower abdominal or lower limb surgeries were randomly divided into four PCEA groups. It contained 0, 2.5, 5, and 10mgof droperidol in 100ml mixture of 0.075%Bupivacain and 0.5%tremadol respectively in group1, 2, 3 and 4. VAS and scores of nausea, vomiting and sedation were evaluated during the first 24 h and 48 h after PCEA. Results There were no signifficant diffrences among four gorups on VAPs, D/D and consump. Conclusion Lower dosage of droperidol(2.5~5 mg/100 ml) with tramadol and bupivacaine mixture is superior for PCEA, nausea and vomiting are diminishing without changeover in quality of analgesia and sedation. High dosage of droperidol(10 mg/100 ml) with tramadol and bupivacaine mixture for PCEA provides a poor quality in diminishing nausea and vomiting and presents a deeper sedation than lower dosage droperidol group. ing the first 24 h after PCEA(P<0.05). Group 1 had a statistical difference on vomiting score compared to group 2 and group 3 (P<0.05). By statistical test, group 4 had deeper sedation scores than the other groups after PCEA (P<0.05) 病人自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)的效果确实,但存在一定副作用。以曲马多PCEA为例,在术后镇痛的同时也常出现恶心呕吐副作用。本研究拟在曲马多PCEA镇痛液中加入不同剂量氟哌利多,观察其对抗曲马多PCEA术后镇痛时恶心呕吐副作用的效应及是否同时增强镇痛效果,探索适宜的氟哌利多配伍剂量。今报告如下。 |
1 资料与方法 2 结果 3 讨论 |
3.2 曲马多系非阿片类镇痛药,对阿片μ受体的亲和力较弱,其镇痛作用系通过抑制神经元去甲肾上腺素再摄取和增加神经元外5-羟色胺浓度,影响痛觉传递而产生。用于术后镇痛与传统阿片类药物相比,镇痛作用无显著差异,但具有不抑制呼吸、镇静和困倦作用较弱等特点,因此,用于高危人群(老年、儿童、肝肾功能不全)的安全性较高。此外,曲马多对生理功能干扰小,很少产生耐受性,不良反应少1。研究表明,等效剂量曲马多或芬太尼用于PCEA,曲马多的镇痛效果优于芬太尼2。曲马多用于术后镇痛的前景广阔。?氟哌利多具有中枢多巴胺受体、5-HT受体拮抗及α1受体阻滞作用,通过对脊髓冲动传递的抑制可减少内脏不良反应向中枢传导,从而可产生镇静和镇吐作用。氟哌利多与镇静镇痛药合用具有协同作用。 <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 3.3 Naji3等研究证明,硬膜外腔注射氟哌利多具有抗恶心呕吐作用。本文也观察到,硬膜外腔应用曲马多加小剂量氟哌利多(曲马多:氟哌利多=1000 mg:5~10 mg)可明显降低PCEA中的恶心呕吐发生率,而镇痛评分无显著增加,与单纯曲马多组相比无显著差异。本文组2的过度镇静发生率略低于组3,提示较大剂量的氟哌利多组(曲马多:氟哌利多=1000 mg:20 mg)较其它三组的镇静程度有显著增强。有报道证实,氟哌利多能延长曲马多的镇静作用4,可能系氟哌利多与曲马多的镇静作用产生协同所致。此外,本文观察到,较大剂量氟哌利多组降低PCEA恶心呕吐发生的效应反而较小剂量氟哌利多组者差。这与氟哌利多预防术后呕吐的效果不存在剂量依赖有关,有关资料也表明小剂量氟哌利多的抗恶心呕吐效果反而好,其原因尚不清楚。氟哌利多的用量与其副作用的发生率则呈剂量相关,本文观察到在较大剂量氟哌利多下可出现过度镇静,但尚未出现锥体外系及血压明显降低等副作用。但Shimada5等研究表明,硬膜外应用的氟哌利多沿轴突向头侧分布,可导致延迟性的锥体外系副作用。因此,从预防术后恶心呕吐的效果及防止其它副作用出发,硬膜外腔以应用小剂量氟哌利多较为安全、合理。本文所用的曲马多:氟哌利多=1000 mg:5~10 mg的比例,认为是曲马多、布比卡因PCEA配伍小剂量氟哌利多的较佳剂量,可供临床参考。 |
参 考 文 献<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 1. Hennis HH. Receptor binding. Analgesia and antitussive potency of tramadol and other selected opioids. Arzneim forsch Drug Res 1998,38:877~811. |