基础与临床研究 >文章正文
基础与临床研究 >文章正文
Comparison of propofol-fentanyl and propofol-midazolam anesthesia for gastrofiberscopy <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 李永旺1,2 陈杰1 种朋贵1 辜敏1 陈会1 谢红1 杨天德1 第三军医大学附属新桥医院麻醉科,重庆 400037 首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院麻醉科,北京 100050 Yong-wang Li 1,2,Jie Chen 1,Peng-gui Chong 1,Yang Tian-de1,et al. Department of Anesthesiology,Xinqiao Hospital,Third Military Medical University,Chongqing 400037,China. Department of Anesthesiology,Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Afffiliate of Capital University of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100050,China. Abstract Objective:To compare efficacy and safety between propofol-fentanyl and propofol-midazolam for anesthesia of gastrofiberscopy. Methods:150 ASA physical status I and II patients scheduled for elective gastrofiberscopy. Patients were randomized into three groups: P group were given intravenous normal saline 2 ml before propofol(n=50); PF group were were given intravenous fentanyl 1μg/kg then propofol (n=50);PM group were given intravenous midazolam 0.04mg/kg then propofol(n=50). Total dose of propofol,Extinction time of lash reflex,Heart rate(HR),Mean arterial pressure(MAP),Pulse oxygen saturation(SPO2),Time to open the eye when called,Time of full recovery (answering correctly and walking unaided),Discomfort,Awareness during operation,Self-feeling were recorded. Analysis of date was with SPSS10.0. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: No episodes of nausea,vomiting,nightmare or awareness were noted in all patients; Total dose of propofol,and extinction time of lash reflex in P group was significantly more than PM or PF group (P<0.05),no difference between PM and PF group;MAP,minimum HR and SPO2 during operation were obviously lower than preoperation or postoperation in each group,minimum HR and SPO2 during operation in P group were significantly lower than P and PM group; Time to eye opening in PF group was significantly less than P or PM group (P<0.05),no difference between PM and P group; Patiens in PM group reached full recovery obviously slower than P or PF(P<0.05),no difference between PF and P group;Incidence of pain on injection in PF group(10%) was obviously lower than PM group(74%) or P group(80%);Incidence of coughing and moving during operation(8%) in PF group was obviously lower than PM group(26%) or P group(30%);Degree of comfort was no differce. |
Conclusion:Gastrofiberscopy can be preformed effectively and safely with propofol-fentanyl or propofol-midazolam,pr1opofol-fentanyl especially fits for gastrofiberscopy compared with propofol-midazlam.<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> Keyword:propofol;midazolam;fentanyl;gastrofiberscopy.
异丙酚麻醉起效快,恢复迅速,目前已被各级医院广泛用于 一、资料与方法 1. 研究对象 选择2003年10月至2004年10月我院门诊及住院的胃镜受检者150例,ASA(美国麻醉医师协会患者全身状况分级标准)分级I~Ⅱ级。男76 例,女64 例,年龄6~75 (38.44±18.33) 岁,体重25~85(56.17 ±19.23) kg,详细资料见表1,均无显著性差异。排除标准:术前6h未禁食者,心电图有明显异常者,上呼吸道感染者,孕妇及哺乳期妇女,癫痫及对大豆和/或鸡蛋过敏的患者。 2. 研究方法 按照随机对照表将患者随机等分为3组:P(异丙酚+生理盐水)组,PM(异丙酚+咪唑安定)组,PF(异丙酚+芬太尼)组,均为50例。患者入室后取左侧卧位,连接监护仪,鼻导管给氧2 L/min,开放手背静脉,静注阿托品0.3mg,随后根据组别在静推异丙酚前分别静推:P组生理盐水2ml,PM组咪唑安定(0.04mg/kg),PF组芬太尼(1μg/kg)。异丙酚的推注速度为100 mg/60 Sec。待患者睫毛反射消失后即可插入胃镜,检查过程中视时间长短及病人的反应酌情追加异丙酚。整个过程连续监测心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏氧饱和度(SPO2),从静推异丙酚开始记录睫毛反射消失时间(Sec),睁眼时间(从静推异丙酚至呼之睁眼,min),完全清醒所需时间(回答正确、行走自如,min),术中知晓(知道置镜或取镜),术中不适(置镜时咳嗽、屏气、体动),呼吸抑制(暂停、舌后坠) 及自我感觉(舒适、无感觉、不适) 。同时记录异丙酚的总用量。所有的胃镜操作均由同一个熟练的内镜医师来完成,所用药物只有麻醉医师本人知道,试验数据由专职护士记录。 3. 统计学处理 计量资料用均数±标准差(<?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /> 二、结 果 1.患者呼吸循环功能的变化 每组患者术中平均动脉压与术前或术后相比均有明显降低(P<0.05);三组患者之间,平均动脉压在术前、术中及术后无显著差异。每组患者术中最低HR及最低SPO2与术前或术后相比均显著下降(P<0.01),但HR和SPO2的降低均为一过性的,很快便恢复正常。异丙酚组的术中最低HR及最低SPO2明显低于PF和PM组(P<0.05),PF与PM组间无显著差异。其中异丙酚组有一例患者SPO2降至60%以下,托下颌并加大吸氧流量后迅速恢复至85%完成操作。详细资料见表2。 |
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 2.镜检情况及不良反应 PF组和PM组与P组相比,睫毛反射消失的时间明显缩短(P<0.05);镜检时间三组间无明显差异;注射部位疼痛发生率PF组(10%)明显少于P组(80%)和PM组(74%)(P<0.01);术中不适(置镜时咳嗽、体动)的发生率PF组(8%)亦明显少于P组(30%)和PM组(26%)(P<0.05);呼吸暂停或舌后坠的发生率三组间无明显差异;而异丙酚的总用量,P组要明显多于PM组和PF组(P<0.05);术后呼之睁眼时间,PF组要明显少于P组和PM组(P<0.01);而完全清醒时间,PM组与P组和PF组相比要明显延长(P<0.05),P组与PF组间无明显差异;三组患者整个过程均未出现恶心呕吐及术中知晓;患者的舒适度三组间也无显著差别,其中P组有一例患者术后感觉非常不舒服,但其说不清如何不舒服,绝大多数患者感觉较舒适或没有感觉;P组有一例患者术后有头痛感,三组患者均未出现恶梦;三组均有少数患者出现眩晕感,但无明显差异,详细资料见表3。所有患者均未发生插管抢救的现象。 三、讨 论 胃镜检查是诊断上消化道疾病的重要手段,而胃镜作为一种外源性刺激常会引起患者恶心呕吐呛咳,严重者甚至会诱发心律失常等,使受检者感到紧张焦虑甚至恐惧以至于拒绝接受检查。而无痛胃镜检查则明显减少了传统胃镜检查的不良反应,使患者 咪达安定属于苯二氮卓类药,具有镇静抗焦虑的作用,起效迅速,并且具有顺行性遗忘的特点,对呼吸循环影响小,但苏醒时间相对偏长。它能明显减少异丙酚的用药量并缩短异丙酚的起效时间[2]。芬太尼属于阿片类药物,具有较强的镇痛作用;对呼吸循环的抑制轻微;与异丙酚合用具有协同作用,明显减少异丙酚的用量增加其血药浓度,缩短异丙酚起效时间;同样异丙酚对阿片类药物的代谢具有抑制作用从而增加阿片类药物的血药浓度[3-4];而且芬太尼可抑制插管反应[5]。 三组患者在使用异丙酚后平均动脉压均显著降低,这可能由于异丙酚对心血管的抑制效应,异丙酚能够引起动静脉血管舒张并降低心肌收缩性。据说此作用跟剂量有一定关系,但我们在试验中发现虽然PF和PM组的异丙酚用量要明显少于P组,但三组患者血压的降低没有显著差异,且这种血压的降低均在患者的正常调节范围之内,不需要进行干预。这可能是由于手术短小,三组患者异丙酚的用量均不是很高的缘故。另外血压的降低还跟推药速度过快有关,我们将推药速度严格控制在100 mg/60 Sec。异丙酚麻醉使病人心率减慢,这种作用具有剂量依赖性和可逆性。异丙酚对呼吸有抑制作用,使呼吸减浅变慢,潮气量减少,有时呼吸暂停,一般不用处理,持续很短时间便恢复正常的呼吸。试验中显示,术中HR和SPO2均有显著下降,但很快恢复正常。单纯异丙酚组HR和SPO2的下降幅度明显大于PF和PM组,这可能是由于咪唑安定和芬太尼的使用减少了异丙酚的用量从而减少了对呼吸循环的抑制作用。 |
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 由于咪唑安定和芬太尼的使用减少了异丙酚的用量,缩短了异丙酚的起效时间,因此PF组和PM组异丙酚的用量明显少于P组;PF组和 总之,异丙酚复合咪唑安定或芬太尼用于无痛胃镜的麻醉是一种较为安全有效的方法,尤其芬太尼复合异丙酚更为合适,但在操作过程中亦应当严密观察,备好抢救措施,做到万无一失,避免意外的发生。 参考文献 1.Kate L,Stonell CA. Anaesthesia and sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology. 2005;18(4):431-6. 2.Cressey DM,Claydon P,Bhaskaran NC,Reilly CS. Effect of midazolam pretreatment on induction dose requirements of propofol in combination with fentanyl in younger and older adults. Anaesthesia. 2001 Feb;56(2):108-13. 3.Vuyk J. Clinical interpretation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic propofol-opioid interactions. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 2001;52(4):445-51 4.Mi W,Sakai T,Kudo T,Kudo M,Matsuki A. The interaction between fentanyl and propofol during emergence from anesthesia:monitoring with the EEG-Bispectral index. J Clin Anesth. 2003;15(2):103-7. 5.Kautto UM. Attenuation of the circulatory response to laryngoscopy and intubation by fentanyl. 6.何小京,常业恬,朱蓉等. 异丙酚与咪达唑仑用于胃窥镜检查术的临床观察.中国内镜杂志,2003,9(4):37-9 |