综述与讲座 >文章正文
综述与讲座 >文章正文
Progress in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sepsis<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />王东信 ABSTRACT In 1992, the American College of Chest Physicians and Society of Critical Care Medicine published a uniform definition of sepsis and its sequelae. The definition was reevaluated and a hypothetical sepsis staging system, PIRO, was presented by an international conference held in 2001. All these improved the standardization of the diagnosis of sepsis. Progresses in the treatment of sepsis were achieved during the recent years. Early goal-directed fluid resuscitation has been shown to improve survival for emergency department patients presenting with septic shock. Physiological doses of corticosteroids should be administrated in patients with septic shock who, despite adequate fluid replacement, require vasopressor therapy to maintain adequate blood pressure. A strict glycemic control strategy significantly improved survival of postoperative surgical patients. Recombinant human activated protein C, an endogenous anticoagulant with anti-inflammatory properties, decreased mortality in patients with sepsis induced organ dysfunction.
脓毒症是导致住院病人死亡的重要原因。Angus等[1]等的资料显示美国每年有75.1万例重症脓毒症发生(相当于每100例住院病人中有2.26例);死亡率为28.6%,即每年有21.5万人死于重症脓毒症;而且重症脓毒症的发病率还以每年1.5%的速度增长。Martin等[2]等的调查也发现,在1979-2000年期间脓毒症的发病率每年增加8.7%;虽然总的住院死亡率从27.8%降至17.9%,但由于发病率增加,每年死于脓毒症的病例数仍在增加。 |
一、脓毒症诊断的进展 <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> |
(二)脓毒症分期系统的概念 二、脓毒症治疗的进展 最近Rivers等[7]的一项大规模前瞻性、随机、双盲研究显示,与常规液体治疗相比,早期目标治疗能更有效地改善重症脓毒症和脓毒性休克病人的预后。263例被诊断为重症脓毒症或脓毒性休克的急诊室病人在收住ICU之前随机接受了6小时的常规液体治疗(133例)或早期目标治疗(130例)。常规治疗的目标是维持中心静脉压8~12mmHg、平均动脉压≥65mmHg、尿量≥0.5mL•kg-1•h-1;早期目标治疗的目标是维持中心静脉压8~12mmHg、平均动脉压≥65mmHg、尿量≥0.5mL•kg-1•h-1、中心静脉氧饱和度≥70%、红细胞压积≥30%。早期目标治疗组病人在前6个小时内接受了比常规治疗组更多的液体输注、正性肌力药物支持和浓缩红细胞输注(均为P<0.001)。治疗开始后7~72小时的检查结果显示,与常规治疗组相比,早期目标治疗组病人的中心静脉氧饱和度更高、乳酸浓度更低、碱缺乏更少、pH值更高(均为P≤0.02);同一时期早期目标治疗组病人的急性生理和慢性健康估测评分II(APACHE II)、简化急性生理评分II和多器官功能障碍评分均明显低于常规治疗组(均为P<0.001),提示早期目标治疗减轻了器官功能障碍的程度。住院死亡率早期目标治疗组明显低于常规治疗组(30.5%比46.5%,P=0.009),28天和60天死亡率也呈同样趋势(分别为P=0.01和P=0.03)。因此,早期治疗恢复氧供需平衡可提高脓毒症病人的存活率。 |
12. Marik PE, Zaloga GP. Adrenal insufficiency during septic shock. Crit Care Med, 2003,31:141-145. 王东信,男,1987年毕业于北京医科大学,获医学学士学位;1993年毕业于北京医科大学研究生院,获医学博士学位。现任北京大学第一医院麻醉科副主任,副教授,主任医师,硕士生导师。承担国家部委级科研基金课题多项,发表论文二十余篇,参加编写、翻译专著4部。 |