基础与临床研究 >文章正文
基础与临床研究 >文章正文
The conversion ratio of intravenous morphine to transdermal fentanyl in patients with cancer pain<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 于春华 罗爱伦 黄宇光 黄一丹 Abstract Objective To determine the conversion ratio of intravenous PCA with morphine to transdermal fentanyl and evaluate the eficacy of PCIA morphing-transdermal fentanyl combination and the safety of transdermal fentanyl in patients with cancer pain. Methods Sixteen cancer patients with severe pain(VAS>5) who were conscious and had no obvious cardio-respiratory and hepato-renal dysfunction were enrolled in this study. The patients received intravenous PCA with morphine for the first 48 hours. The PCIA morphine solution contained morphine 2-6mg?ml-1 and droperidol 1-2 mg?30ml-1. PCIA included a bolus dose of morphine 1-3 mg with a 5min lockout. No background infusion was given. Morphine PCIA was then combined with transdermal fentanyl. The initial dose of transdermal fentanyl was 25μg?h-1 in the first two to three days. The dose was then gradually increased in 25μg?h-1 increments according to VAS scores and the amount of IV morphine needed to reduce the persistent pain until transdermal fentanyl alone could provide sufficient relief of persistent pain and IV morphine was given only for breakthrough pain. Paing intensity (VAS scores) before and after treatment, daily consumption of morphine (mg?d-1) and transdermal fentanyl(μg?h-1),vital signs and side effects were recorded. Results The 13 patients included 6 males and 7 females. Their mean(±SD) age was 54±15 yrs and body weight 53±8 kg. There was positive correlation between the titrated dose of transdermal fentanyl (μg?k-1) and the initial need of IV morphine (mg?day-1).Y=1.3606X+6.5088. Persistent pain intensity and breakthrough pain intensity evaluated by VAS scores were significantly reduced during the treatment (P<0.01). The need for IV morphine during transdermal fentanyl treatrment decreased gradually. No severe side effects were noted. Conclusion The IV morphine/transdermal fentanyl conversion ratio is 31(mg?day-1): 1(mg?day-1). The combination of PCIA morphine and transdermal fentanyl provides an effective treatment in patients with severe persistent pain. During the treatment of pain with transdermal fentanyl, IV morphine provides sufficient relief of breakthrough pain. 资料与方法 晚期肿瘤病人13例,年龄27~83岁,体重43.5~65kg。病人神志清楚,均无明显心、肝、肾功能异常,无明显呼吸抑制,无阿片药物过敏史和滥用史,研究开始时体温正常。治疗前病人疼痛程度均为中、重度(VAS评分>5分)。 |
所有病人从研究之日起停止既往的镇痛治疗,镇痛方案均采用吗啡PCIA,不含背景输注。吗啡PCIA药物配方为:吗啡2~6mg/ml、单次静脉注射吗啡剂量1~3mg、氟哌利多1~2mg/30ml,锁定时间5min。完全依靠吗啡PCIA治疗2d,记录静脉吗啡每天总用量作为芬太尼贴剂治疗前的吗啡日消耗量。随后根据病人试验前镇痛药物的等效转换剂量(表1)及吗啡的日口服量按照100:1比例转换为芬太尼贴剂;既往无阿片药物应用史者,初始芬太尼贴剂剂量为25μg/h。应用芬太尼贴剂第2、3天观察镇痛效果(VAS评分)及吗啡日消耗量,如果需要吗啡缓解持续性疼痛(慢性疼痛),则于第3天增加芬太尼贴剂剂量。以此类推进行剂量滴定,直到病人的持续性疼痛被芬太尼贴剂有效控制(持续痛VAS评分<3~4分)时认为转换成功,此时的芬太尼贴剂剂量(μg/h)作为转换剂量。原则上每次增加芬太尼贴剂的剂量为25μg/h,但是也可以根据病人吗啡消耗量、疼痛强度及病人对芬太尼贴剂的反应进行酌情调整。透皮贴剂及粘贴部位每72h更换一次。 应用芬太尼贴剂治疗前后病人生命体征,如收缩压、舒张压、心率和呼吸频率与治疗前相比差异无显著性。 |
芬太尼贴剂治疗后,病人的恶心、呕吐评分与治疗前相比差异无显著性。芬太尼贴剂治疗后,治疗第1日的镇静评分与治疗前相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。治疗后的镇静评分之间相比较差异无显著性。在整个研究过程中,病人均无呼吸抑制。治疗后便秘、出汗、乏力、头晕和皮肤瘙痒发生率与治疗前比较均无统计学差异。1例病人芬太尼贴剂的皮肤粘贴部位发生红斑,去除贴片后红斑消失。 讨论 应用芬太尼贴剂最重要的一点是确定初始剂量,正确的剂量转换可以缩短达到最佳镇痛效果所需的时间,同时避免药物过量;其次是在剂量滴定过程中维持有效的镇痛。 |
应用芬太尼贴剂治疗期间静脉吗啡日消耗量呈下降趋势,且与治疗前相比差异有显著性。说明芬太尼贴剂的治疗作用确切,维持疼痛VAS评分在低水平的同时减少了病人静脉吗啡用量。因为芬太尼贴剂起效慢(12~20h),所以治疗第3天以后的静脉吗啡日消耗量比治疗第1天显著性减少。因为多数病人在治疗第6日之前已经完成了剂量滴定,治疗第6日和贴剂转换成功后静脉吗啡日消耗量均用于缓解爆发性疼痛,所以与治疗第1日的吗啡日消耗量相比差异显著。另外,用于缓解爆发痛的吗啡消耗量说明了吗啡PCIA在治疗癌痛病人爆发性疼痛中所起的作用。即解决了芬太尼贴剂血药浓度稳定但变化不灵活的自身特点,利用PCIA的灵活安全及时有效的特点,克服普遍存在的爆发痛现象。 参考文献
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