基础与临床研究 >文章正文
基础与临床研究 >文章正文
The clinical investigation of effect of different long-time local anesthetics during Upper thoracic epidural anesthesia on the circulatory function and pulmonary function in operation<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 西安交通大学第二医院麻醉科 薛荣亮 Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, CHINA Abstract Objective:To explore the effect of different long-time local anesthetics during upper thoracic epidural anesthesia on the circulatory function and pulmonary function in operation Methods:45 cases would suffer selective mammary gland operation were randomly divided into 3 groups: 0.5% ropivacaine mehanesulfanae group(group I),0.375% ropivacaine hydrochloric group(group II) and 0.375% bupivacaine hydrochloric group(group III). The HR, MAP, VC, FVC, FVC1 and MMV were recorded at different time respectively. Results:HR decreased in all 3 groups. The change appeared earlier in group III than in group I and group II and there was no difference between them. MAP were constant in group I and group II but decreased in group III. Pulmonary function were inhibited in all 3 groups. There was no difference between group I and group II and the inhibiting was stronger in group III than in group I and II. Conclusion:The effect of all three groups is satisfied while 0.5% ropivacaine mehanesulfana and 0.375% ropivacaine hydrocbloris are safer than 0.375% bupivacaine hydrochloric in upper thoracic epidural anesthesia. Key words:long-time local anesthetics epidural anesthesia circulatory function pulmonary function |
罗哌卡因是一种新型长效酰胺类局麻药,具有心脏毒性小,感觉与运动分离阻滞的特点[1],甲磺酸罗哌卡因是国内生产的一种新型制剂,应用于上胸段硬膜外阻滞的报道较少[2]。本研究拟通过比较低浓度甲磺酸罗哌卡因、低浓度盐酸罗哌卡因、盐酸布比卡因用于上胸段硬膜外阻滞对循环及肺功能的影响来评价其安全性。<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 资料与方法: 1、一般资料:择期拟行乳腺手术患者45例,年龄25~60岁,体重50~80kg,ASAI~II级,排除局麻药过敏、神经系统、心、肺疾患及精神病患者,无硬膜外阻滞禁忌症。随机分为三组:甲磺酸罗哌卡因(I组)、盐酸罗哌卡因(II组)、盐酸布比卡因组(III组)。 2、方法:麻醉前30min肌肉注射安定0.2mg/kg、阿托 3、监测项目:(1)针刺法测感觉阻滞平面;(2)用惠普多 4、统计学处理:计量资料以均数±标准差(X±S)表示,采用SPSS10.0统计软件进行分析,组内比较采用配对t检验,组间比较采用单因素方差分析,计数资料比较采用卡方检验。P<0.05为差异有显著性。 |
结果<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 三组病人的年龄、体重、ASA分级等一般情况均无统计学差异(P>0.05),见表1。 三组感觉阻滞平面均在T1~T7范围,麻醉效果均能满足手术要求。面罩吸氧后三组病人SpO2均在97%~99%之间。 循环功能的比较: 各组患者麻醉后HR均减慢,III组较I、II组出现较早,I、II组相比无差异。 I、II组SBP、DBP、MAP基本无变化而III组在各时点均下降(P<0.05),见表2。 肺功能变化: 与T1相比,三组在T4时呼吸功能均受抑制(P<0.05),对呼吸功能的抑制程度,I、II组之间无差异,而III组则强于I、II组(P<0.05),见表3。 讨论 罗哌卡因是一种长效的酰胺类局麻药[3],其存在形式为纯 实验结果显示,三组患者组内比较,MAP、HR均有不同程度下降,说明0.5%的甲磺酸罗派卡因、0.375%的盐酸罗哌卡因、 0.375%的盐酸布比卡因用于上胸段硬膜外阻滞对循环功能有一定影响。其原因可能是胸段硬膜外阻滞通过阻滞心交感神经,使心血管状态发生改变,导致MAP、HR降低;另一方面,Hopf等[7]也证实胸段硬膜外阻滞可影响肾脏交感神经功能的完整性,从而干扰肾素-血管紧张素系统的功能,在低血压时不引起肾素释放的增加,加上手术失血更容易引起循环波动。组间比较显示,三组患者麻醉后HR均减慢,盐酸布比卡因较甲磺酸罗派卡因、盐酸罗哌卡因出现时间较早。甲磺酸罗派卡因、盐酸罗哌卡因组MAP基本无变化,而盐酸布比卡因组MAP明显降低,原因可能是罗哌卡因在低浓度下有收缩血管特性,可能部分抵消交感神经被阻滞引起的血管扩张[8]。 三组患者呼吸功能各指标于三组药物注入30min后开始下降,主要原因是吸气肌(肋间外肌)及呼气肌(主要是腹肌)被麻痹后呼吸力下降所致。肺功能的改变主要依赖于膈肌功能,而三组患者感觉阻滞平面均在T1-T7范围,膈神经未受阻滞,膈肌的运动不受影响,因此本研究中肺功能各指标下降幅度较小。 |
结论<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 0.5%甲磺酸罗哌卡因、0.375%盐酸罗哌卡因、0.375%盐酸布比卡因,用于上胸段硬膜外阻滞对乳腺手术病人的麻醉效果无差异,均可满足手术需要;0.5%甲磺酸罗哌卡因对循环功能及肺功能的影响与0.375%的盐酸罗哌卡因无差异,但小于0.375%的盐酸布比卡因,因此用0.375%甲磺酸罗哌卡因及0.375%盐酸罗哌卡因用于上胸段硬膜外阻滞较0.375%盐酸布比卡因安全。 参考文献 1. Karen J,Mclellan,Diana F. Ropivacaine: an update of its use in regional anesthesia. Drugs,2000,60:1065-1093. 2. 李西宽,焦亚奇,刘俊等。甲磺酸罗哌卡因局麻药的实验研究。中国药理学通报,2004,20(2):236-237。 3. 刘俊杰,赵俊主编。现代麻醉学,第二版。北京:人民卫生出版社,1997.312. 4. Scott DB, LEE A, Fagan D, et al. Acute toxicity of ropivacaine compare to bupivacaine. Anesth Analg.1989,69:563-569. 5. Katz JA, Bridenbaugb PO, Knarr DC, et al. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of epidural repivacaine in humans. Anesth Analg,1990,70:16-21. 6. Whitehead E, Arrigoni B, Bannister J, An open study of repivacaine I extradural anaesthesia. Br,J Anaesth, 1990,64:67-71. 7. Hopf HB, Schlaghecke R,Peters J. Symphathetic neural blockade by thoracic epidural anesthesia Supperesses rennin release in response to arterial hypotension. Anesthesiology, 1994,80:992 8. 王晓持。罗比卡因。国外医学麻醉与复苏分册,1999,20:10-12。 |