基础与临床研究 >文章正文
基础与临床研究 >文章正文
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> The influence of body temperature on rocuronium,s infusion requirement in patients receiving intravenous anaesthesia during surgical procedures of relatively long duration 高友光 林财珠 龚捷音 林群 曾凯 Gao youguang,Lin caizhu,Gong jieyin,et al. Abstract Objective:To investigate the influence of body temperature on rocuronium,s infusion requirement during surgical procedures of relatively long duration. Methods:Thirty ASA I-II adults undergoing elective oral-maxillofacial surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups: group I in which patients’body temperature was maintained at <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /> |
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> Results:Core temperature and rocuronium,s infusion requirements were markedly lowered after 90 min after induction in group II as compared with group I(P<0.05). The time for T1 from 25% return to 75% and T1 from 10% return to TOF 90% in group II were longer than in group I(P<0.05). Conclusions:Mile hypothermia can enhance the neuromuscular blockade effect of rocuronium. Key words:Rocuronium; Continuous infusion; Intravenous anesthesia; Body temperature 对于长时间手术病人,麻醉、手术常导致体温下降。低体温可使肝、肾对药物的清除能力下降,导致药物的作用时间延长[1]。罗库溴铵是一种新型非去级化甾类肌松药,其起效快、中时效、对心血管系统影响小且易被拮抗等特点,实验[2,3]表明罗库溴铵适用于连续输注。本研究观察长时间全凭静脉麻醉下病人体温对罗库溴铵输注速率和恢复时间的影响,为长时间全麻下、安全使用罗库溴铵提供资料。 资料与方法 选择11月份至后一年4月份的30例ASAI~II级,年龄18-65岁,拟在全麻下行口腔-颌面肿瘤外科择期手术(手术时间达5小时左右)的病人。病人无心血管系统、神经系统及肝、肾疾病史,术前未用影响神经肌肉功能的抗生素及其它药物。凡体重指数超过35%或低于20%的病例皆排除在本实验之外。 肌松监测采用TOF-Watch SX肌松监测仪(Organon 荷兰)监测神经肌肉功能,表面电极置于右前臂尺侧近腕处,加速传感器固定在拇指上,用四个成串刺激(TOF),频率为2Hz,电流强度50mA,每个成串刺激间隔15s。病人随机分为两组:I组为保温组(15例),术中输注的晶体液、胶体液和冲洗用盐水均用水浴法加温至<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /> |
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 统计学处理:所得数据均以±S表示,用SPSS13.0进行统计学分析,组间和组内比较用t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结 果 两组病人年龄、体重指数和性别构成比、血红蛋白压积、总蛋白和白蛋白差异无显著性(P>0.05)。 两组病人给药前后以及术中血压、心率变化差异无显著性(P>0.05),见表1。 保温组病人术中中心体温变化差异无显著性(P>0.05)。未保温组病人麻醉诱导后约90min至肌松恢复期间的中心体温,无论是与罗库溴铵的注入速率达到稳态后即刻时比较,还是与保温组病人相同时间点比较均有明显下降(P<0.05)。所有病人通过TOF-Watch SX肌松监测仪所测得的传感器部位皮肤温度,均在<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /> 保温组病人30、60、90、120、180、240、300分钟时,罗库溴铵注入速率与初始稳态注入速率比较,分别下降2.6%、6.1%、9.1%、15.0%、18.5%、24.1%;未保温组病人则分别下降4.1%、15.6%、24.4%、31.9%、40.1%、43.0%、43.4%。未保温组与保温组各时间点罗库溴铵注入速率比较,90分钟后有显著差异(P<0.05)(表1)。两组罗库溴铵自发恢复时间以及从T1为10%至TOF90%的时间比较有显著差异(P<0.05)(表3)。 讨 论 术中轻度低温是麻醉和外科手术期常见的并发症,施行外科手术病人中约50%~70%发生低温现象[4]。麻醉期间低温是多种因素共同作用结果,如外科进行皮肤消毒时,温度较低的消毒液蒸发带走病人的部分热量;静脉输液相对低温,直接降低中心体温;手术室温度较低,而病人身上覆盖物相对较少;手术创面热量丢失;全麻下,麻醉药物对体温调节中枢的抑制作用以及肌松药使肌肉无法通过寒颤反应产热。长时间手术中,病人的内脏和肢体大面积、长时间的暴露,并且输血、输液相对较多,更易使体温发生下降。研究表明,时间超过2h,输血、输液量较大的手术,85%病人发生术后中心体温降低[5]。 |
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 全身麻醉下,肢体远端由于较少覆盖物,更易受环镜温度影响,局部体温往往比中心体温下降更剧烈。Eriksson等通过实验研究[11]认为:当体温正常而外周皮肤温度持续<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /> 综上所述,罗库溴铵可用于长时间的持续输注以保持稳定的肌松作用。术中低温对罗库溴铵有增效作用,这种作用在全凭静脉麻醉下90分钟左右开始出现直至手术结束。术后低温可延长罗库溴铵的消退时间。 参考文献 1. Hudson G,Scott J,Beaver M,et al. Warming up to better surgical outcomes. Aorn J,1999 ,69(1):247-248, 251-253. 2. Shanks CA,Fragen RJ,Ling D. Continuous intravenous infusion of rocuronium (ORG 9426) in patients receiving balanced,enflurane,or isoflurane anesthesia. Anesthesiology,1993,78(4):649-651. 3. McCoy EP,Mirakhur RK,Maddineni VR,et al. Administration of rocuronium (Org 9426) by continuous infusion and its reversibility with anticholinesterases. Anaesthesia,1994,49(11):940-945. 4. Beilin B,Shavit Y,Razumovsky J,et al. Effects of mild perioperative hypothermia on cellular immune responses. Anesthesiology,1998,89(5):1133-1140. 5. Berti M,Fanelli G,Casati A,et al. Hypothermia prevention and treatment. Anaesthesia,1998,53 (Suppl 2):46-47. 6. Caldwell JE,Heier T,Wright PM,et al. Temperature-dependent pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vecuronium.Anesthesiology,2000 ;92(1):84-93. 7. Beaufort AM,Wierda JM,Belopavlovic M,et al. The influence of hypothermia (surface cooling) on the time-course of action and on the pharmacokinetics of rocuronium in humans.Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl,1995,11:95-106. 8. Smeulers NJ,Wierda JM,van den Broek L,et al. Hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass influences the concentration-response relationship and the biodisposition of rocuronium. European Journal of Anaesthesiology-Supplement.1995,11:91-94. 9. Bevan DR. Rocuronium bromide and organ function. Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl,1994,9:87-91. 10. Olkkola KT,Tammisto T. Quantifying the interaction of rocuronium (Org 9426) with etomidate,fentanyl,midazolam,propofol,thiopental,and isoflurane using closed-loop feedback control of rocuronium infusion. Anesth Analg,1994,78(4):691-696. 11. Eriksson LI,Lennmarken C,Jensen E,et al. Twitch tension and train-of-four ratio during prolonged neuromuscular monitoring at different peripheral temperatures. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand,1991,35(3):247-252. |