ABSTRACT<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> Objective: To compare the ability of the bispectral index (BIS), target propofol effect-site concentration (CtPROP), predicted propofol effect-site concentration (CePROP), and hemodynamic parameters to measure patient responsiveness during anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. Methods: Forty patients were randomly allocated to one of four groups (0,2,4,6ng•ml-1 remifentanil) to receive graded CePROP and predicted effect compartment controlled remifentanil (CeREMI). At each step, the ability to respond to verbal command using the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (OAA/S), eyelash reflex (LORlash) , and electrical titanic noxious stimulus (LORtetanus) were compared against BIS, CtPROP, CePROP, Systolic blood pressure (SBp), Diastolic blood pressure (DBp), Mean blood pressure (MBp) and Heart rate (HR). Correlation coefficient and sensitivity/specificity ratio were calculated. Results: BIS, CtPROP, CePROP, SBp, DBp and MBp correlated well with modified OAA/S. BIS correlated well with CtPROP/CePROP. Correlation of hemodynamic parameters and CtPROP/CePROP were less significant. Increasing CeREMI increased BIS at LORlash and LORtetanus, while decreased CtPROP and CePROP. Conclusion: Although BIS, CtPROP were influenced by remifentanil during propofol administration, Correlation coefficients between OAA/S remained accurate. Key words: Bispectral index (BIS); Target propofol effect-site concentration (CtPROP); Predicted propofol effect-site concentration (CePROP); Modified observer's assessment of alertness/sedation scale (MOAA/S) Corresponding author: Yu-guang Huang, MD; E-mail:huangyg@csc.pumch.ac.cn 脑电双频谱指数(Bispectral index, BIS)可以测定麻醉的催眠部分。与其它脑电参数比较,A-2000BIS监护仪计算的BIS指数监测麻醉药对大脑作用具有较高的灵敏度和特异度[2]。 在评估病人对言语指令反应和触觉反应时,BIS对镇静深度的预测性很高。而且不受某些麻醉药在麻醉初始期出现的EEG假性觉醒(pseudoarousal)现象的影响。早期BIS的临床研究表明,BIS能应用于预测异氟醚、异丙酚加氧化亚氮和异丙酚加阿芬太尼时对切皮刺激的肢动反应[1],但依赖于所使用的麻醉药。当使用催眠药异丙酚和异氟醚为主要麻醉药时BIS与切皮时肢动反应相关性好,但如果使用大剂量阿片类镇痛药则相关不明显。虽然,已有研究证实雷米芬太尼与异丙酚的相互协同作用[2],阿片类药物对BIS监测不同刺激反应准确性的影响仍旧处于激烈讨论中[3-6]。Struys等(2003)采用雷米芬太尼与异丙酚靶控输注,观察诱导期病人对各种刺激的反应时BIS的变化。结果表明BIS预计病人对强直刺激反消失应的预计概率(Prediction Probabilitytetanus,Pktetanus)为0.95,需要注意的是不同雷米芬太尼浓度时(0ng•ml-1、2ng•ml-1、4ng•ml-1),50%病人对强直刺激无反应的BIS指数并不相同,分别为44、75、90,这是由于病人所需催眠药量的降低,使得大脑对EEG反应变得很小。因此在联合使用阿片类药物与催眠类药物麻醉时,BIS能否准确反应催眠深度值得探讨。
此外由于大量研究对“闭环式”麻醉发生了兴趣且许多报道证实了其临床可行性,而且不止一个研究表明闭环系统将改善麻醉质量。闭环系统一个关键点是在多种药物联合麻醉时找到准确反应麻醉各个组成部分的变量,因此评价BIS在阿片类镇痛药与催眠药联合麻醉时能否准确反应催眠深度具有临床意义。 |